A) The energy required to bring a system to absolute zero temperature. B) The potential energy of particles in a system. C) A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. D) The total energy of a system.
A) It describes a system with varying energy levels. B) It describes a system in which energy can be exchanged with the surroundings. C) It describes an isolated system with fixed energy and number of particles. D) It describes a system in thermal equilibrium with its surroundings.
A) It converts temperature scales from Celsius to Fahrenheit. B) It calculates the average energy of particles in a system. C) It relates the entropy of a system to the number of possible microscopic states. D) It determines the pressure-volume work done by a system.
A) The likelihood of a system to undergo phase transitions. B) The tendency of a system to reach thermal equilibrium. C) The distribution of particles in different energy levels. D) The number of distinct ways a system can achieve a particular energy level.
A) The change in free energy of a system as a particle is added or removed. B) The rate at which chemical reactions occur in a system. C) The energy required to break a chemical bond. D) The ratio of the number of moles of reactants to products in a reaction.
A) It describes a closed system with constant energy. B) It describes a system in thermal equilibrium with a heat reservoir at a fixed temperature. C) It describes a system with fixed number of particles but variable energy. D) It describes a system with a changing volume and pressure.
A) All microstates of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium are equally probable. B) Particles within a system have the same probability of being in any given state. C) The probabilities of different microstates depend on their energy levels. D) States of higher energy are more probable than states of lower energy.
A) Heat is constantly increasing within a system. B) A system's temperature remains constant over time. C) There is no net flow of heat between a system and its surroundings. D) Only a small amount of heat is lost from a system.
A) It describes a system with a fixed number of particles and variable energy. B) It describes a system with fixed chemical potential, temperature, and volume. C) It describes a system with varying energy levels. D) It describes a system in equilibrium with a heat reservoir at constant temperature.
A) Total energy of a system and its surroundings always remains constant. B) Entropy of an isolated system tends to increase over time. C) The entropy of a system can be reduced to zero at absolute zero temperature. D) Energy is conserved in any thermodynamic process. |