A) First trimester. B) Second trimester. C) There is no specific trimester. D) Third trimester.
A) To promote certain prenatal vitamins. B) To study the effects of exercise during pregnancy. C) To understand the causes and mechanisms of birth defects. D) To examine the impact of mental health disorders on fetal development.
A) Regular doctor visits. B) Healthy maternal weight gain. C) Use of recreational drugs during pregnancy. D) Adequate prenatal care.
A) Only chromosomal abnormalities are influenced by genetics. B) Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain birth defects. C) Genes are irrelevant in the study of teratogens. D) Genetics have no impact on birth defects.
A) They enhance fetal growth and development. B) They can disrupt normal development processes and cause abnormalities. C) They have no impact on fetal development. D) They only affect the mother, not the fetus.
A) Eating raw fish. B) Skipping prenatal appointments. C) Avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals. D) Not getting enough rest.
A) Maternal nutrition has no impact on fetal development. B) Healthy diet choices eliminate teratogenic risks. C) Nutritional supplements are the only important factor. D) Poor maternal nutrition can increase the risk of birth defects.
A) It categorizes drugs based on potential teratogenic risks to the fetus. B) It determines the ideal time for pregnancy. C) It assigns genetic risk factors to pregnant women. D) It regulates prenatal care procedures.
A) They enhance the immune response in babies. B) They have no effect on immune system development. C) They can impair the function of immune cells in the fetus. D) They only affect maternal immunity.
A) Cleft palate B) Spina bifida C) Down syndrome D) Congenital rubella syndrome
A) Syndrome B) Mutation C) Deformity D) Disease
A) Cleft lip B) Clubfoot C) Polydactyly D) Spina bifida
A) Hydrocephalus B) Macrocephaly C) Microcephaly D) Anencephaly
A) Maternal infections B) Fetal alcohol syndrome C) Genetic disorders D) Premature birth
A) Vitamin B12 B) Vitamin D C) Folic acid D) Vitamin C
A) Macrocephaly B) Anencephaly C) Hydrocephalus D) Microcephaly
A) Fetal alcohol syndrome B) Down syndrome C) Diabetes D) Rubella infection |