2nd 9wks--Benchmark Assessment

1. Mid-ocean ridges are

A) long deep-ocean trenches.
B) located along the coast.
C) found only in the Pacific Ocean.
D) found in all of Earth's ocean's.

2. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth's plates is caused by

A) Earth's magnetic field.
B) earthquakes.
C) convection currents.
D) conduction.

3. A place where two plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a

A) rift valley.
B) divergent boundary.
C) transform boundary.
D) convergent boundary.

4. S waves are known as

A) Q waves
B) secondary waves
C) primary waves
D) Surface waves

5. What type of earthquake wave can travel through solids, liquids, and gases?

A) p waves.
B) s waves
C) rift valley.
D) surface waves

6. If geologists detect small earthquakes in an area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano?

A) It is a good source of energy.
B) It is probably ready to erupt.
C) It is extinct.
D) It is dormant.

7. What does a seismograph record?

A) The location of the focus.
B) The location of the epicenter.
C) The vibrations caused by seismic waves.
D) The Mercalli scale rating.

8. What is the correct order of the Earth's layers (starting at the surface)?

A) crust, outer core, mantle, inner core
B) outer core, mantle, inner core , crust
C) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
D) mantle, core, crust, inner core

9. Before lava reaches the surface, the molten material is called

A) rock.
B) fire.
C) volcanic ash.
D) magma.

10. The place where two plates collide or compress together is known as a

A) rift valley.
B) divergent boundary.
C) transform boundary.
D) convergent boundary.

11. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as

A) subduction.
B) convention.
C) continental drift.
D) conduction.

12. During sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts

A) along the edges of the coast.
B) along mid-ocean ridges.
C) at the north and south poles.
D) along the edge of the continents.

13. The type of seismic waves that occur first are called

A) p waves.
B) s waves.
C) surface waves.
D) q waves.

14. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary forms

A) trenches.
B) valleys.
C) mountains.
D) rifts.

15. The geological theory that states that pieces of the Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion is the theory of

A) plate tectonics.
B) subduction.
C) sea-floor spreading
D) boundary.

16. Geologists cannot yet predict earthquakes because

A) they don't know what an earthquake is.
B) they have too much data.
C) they can't be sure of when or where the stress will be released along the fault.
D) there are too many faults to monitor.

17. What is Pangaea?

A) name of a continent.
B) the name of a scientist.
C) the name of the supercontinent that is believed to have existed millions of years ago.
D) the name of an ancient fossil.

18. Earth's INNER core is

A) layer of hot magma.
B) a dense ball of iron and nickel.
C) empty.
D) a layer of cooled rock.

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