Chapter 4 Multiple Choice and Essay
  • 1. According to John Dalton's observations, when elements combine in a compound,
A) the ratio of their masses is always the same.
B) their masses are always equal.
C) their volumes are always equal.
D) each element contributes an equal number of atoms.
  • 2. Rutherford's gold foil experiment provided evidence for which of the following?
A) Alpha particles have a positive charge.
B) Negative and positive charges are spread evenly throughout an atom.
C) Gold is not as dense as previously thought.
D) There is a dense, positively charged mass in the center of an atom.
  • 3. In an atomic model that includes a nucleus, positive charge is
A) concentrated at multiple sites in an atom.
B) concentrated in the center of an atom.
C) located in the space outside the nucleus.
D) spread evenly throughout an atom.
  • 4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
A) electron
B) proton
C) neutron
  • 5. Which statement about subatomic particles is true?
A) Protons, neutrons, and electrons all have about the same mass.
B) An electron has far less mass then either a proton or a neutron.
C) Unlike protons or neutrons, electrons have no mass.
D) Neutrons have no charge and no mass.
  • 6. Which of the following is unique for any given element?
A) the number of neutrons
B) the charge on the electrons
C) the number of protons
D) the mass of the neutron
  • 7. The number of protons in one atom of an element is the element's
A) charge
B) atomic number
C) isotope
D) mass number
  • 8. To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you would subtract
A) atomic number from mass number
B) atomic number from electron number
C) isotope number from atomic number
D) mass number from atomic number
  • 9. In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move
A) like popcorn in a popper.
B) like balls rolling down a hill.
C) like planets orbiting the sun.
D) like beach balls on water waves.
  • 10. What does the electron cloud model describe?
A) the most likely locations of electrons in an atom
B) the number of electrons in an atom
C) the precise location of electrons in an atom
D) the mass of the electrons in the atom
  • 11. Which statement about alkali metals is correct?
A) they are usually gases
B) they form negative ions
C) the are extremely nonreactive
D) they are located in the left-most column of the periodic table
  • 12. A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
A) amount of a substance
B) mass of a substance
C) volume of a substance
D) electric charge of a substance
  • 13. Moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
A) atomic number
B) mass number
C) atomic mass unit
D) isotope number
  • 14. The tendency of an element to react chemically is closely related to
A) how tightly atoms are packed in the element
B) its atomic mass
C) the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
D) the ratio of protons to neutrons in atoms of the element
  • 15. Which statement is true about oxygen-17 and oxygen-18?
A) They have the same mass number
B) they do not have the same number of protons
C) They are isotopes of oxygen
D) their masses are identical
  • 16. In a periodic table, a set of properties repeats from
A) group to group
B) element to element
C) column to column
D) row to row
  • 17. Which list of elements contains only metals?
A) sodium, chromium, copper
B) iodine, iron, nickel
C) helium, carbon, gold
D) phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
  • 18. The usefulness of Mendeleev's periodic table was confirmed by
A) the discovery of the nucleus.
B) the immediate acceptance by other scientists.
C) the discovery of elements with predicted properties.
D) the discovery of subatomic particles.
  • 19. An alkali metal has one valence electron, while an alkaline earth metal has
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) none
  • 20. As you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
A) decreases
B) stays the same
C) increases then decreases
D) increases
  • 21. The standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
A) chlorine-35 atom
B) proton
C) neutron
D) carbon-12 atom
  • 22. The charge on an electron is
A) +1
B) -2
C) -1
D) 0
  • 23. The relative mass of an electron is
A) 1
B) 1/1840
C) 0
D) 1/18
  • 24. Valence electrons determine an atom's
A) chemical properties
B) period
C) number of neutrons
D) mass
  • 25. Ionization refers to the process of
A) losing or gaining electrons
B) changing from lithium into fluorine
C) losing or gaining protons
D) changing from one period to another
  • 26. An atomic mass unit is equal to
A) one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom
B) one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom
C) one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
D) one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom
  • 27. Which statement about noble gases is correct?
A) they are highly reactive
B) they can form compounds with bright colors
C) They exist as single elements rather than molecules
D) they are rare in nature
  • 28. Semiconductors are elements that
A) have large atomic masses but small atomic numbers
B) can conduct electric current only under certain conditions
C) are extremely hard
D) do not form compounds
  • 29. Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
A) on the right
B) on the left
C) in the middle
D) on the bottom
  • 30. Avogadro's constant in defined as the number of particles in
A) one kilogram of a pure substance.
B) one gram of a pure substance
C) one liter of a pure substance
D) one mole of a pure substance
  • 31. How many protons are in an atom of bromine?
A) 79
B) 35
C) 80
D) 172
  • 32. Explain how isotopes affect an element's average atomic mass.
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